Process of making motor fuel



atented June 7, 1927.

BOY CROSS, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO GASOLINE PRODUCTS COM- PANY, ING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF ITEW YORK.

PROCESS OF MAKING MOTOR FUEL.

I No Drawing.

The process concerns prim'arilyra treat." ment of petroleum oilswith liquld sulphur dioxideto extract therefrom the aromatic compounds and sulphur and subjecting the residue from the dissolved fractions to cracking conditions of'temperature and pressure, said cracking conditions preferably being temperatures and pressures to convert the oil while the same is substantially in the liquid phase. There is recovered from this treatment a distillate which has pronounced I 'ant-i-detonating properties and contains a detonating material. The process is particularly adapted to the treatment of California gasoline.

There has recently been adopted in a number of California refineries, particularly those interested in making a high grade lamp oil, a process known as the Edeleanu process. By this process there is recovered onextracted from California oils. a high phur dioxide. This contacting may be ef-,

fected at Iowa-temperature and pressure or at hlgh temperature with suflicient pressure the liquid condition. The liquid sulphur dioxide dissolves out the sulphur bearing compounds, naphthenes and aromatic comounds. The amount dlssolved is often as 822 F. and an end point of approximately considerable percentage of benzol and antigrade 'oil from California kerosene. When California kerosene is refined by ordinary Application filed September 12, 1925. Serial 'No. 56,070.

594 F. The extracted portion or residue, after treatment with the sulphur dioxide, from such oil have a gravity of 26.9 Baum, a specific gravity of .893, an initial boiling point of 382 F. and an end point of 590 F. A second specimen of residue recovered after the extraction of California kerosene had a Baum-gravity of'29.8, a specific gravity of .877 an initial boiling point of 302 F. and an end point of 546 F.

,Wherr this extracted material which contains considerable amount of aromatic com pounds and sulphur is subjected to a process of cracking-in which the oil issubjected to temperature and fpressure conditions controlled primarily or producing cracking while the oil is maintained substantially in the l1qu1d phase, a product havin .the following characteristics was obtaine Specific gravity .883. Baum gravity 20.7

to maintain the liquid sulphur dioxide in Referring to the above table, it will be 'oted that the gasoline of 6134 F. end point having 14% (based on gasoline) over at 260 F. has a gravity of 39.6 Baum.

Iti

s to be noted that the gasoline or-distillate product corresponding to the gaso- :-line distillate range has a gravity of 39.0 whereas the gravity of a product made in pounds.

precisely the same manner from mid-continentkerosene would have a Baum gravity of over 54 and, if made from California straight run kerosene, would have a gravity of about 50. The reason for this'very low Baum gravityis the presence of benzol and related compounds. It isthereforeobvious that the treatment of residue' dissolved from a California kerosene by sulphur dioxide treatment when subjected to cracking conditions of temperature and pressure will yield a product having pronounced anti-detonating' properties and an increased per centa'ge of benzol fractions and related comhe temperatures used in the cracking of the oil range from 600 to 1000 F.,-' while pressures of from 450 to 1500 pounds per square inch have beensuccessfully employed.

Briefly, then, the process involves a method of making motor fuel which consists in subj ecting petroleum oil to the solvent actlon of liquid sulphur dioxide, removing the undissol-ved hydrocarbons from the sulphur d oxide fractions, distilling the sulphur dioxideifrom the dissolved fractions and subjecting the residue from the dissolved fractions to cracking temperatures and pressures.

j as

"Following is a. briefly summarized report of the cracking tests and yields showing in the content of the distillate a large quantity of aromatic compounds having pronounced anti-detonating properties:

Cracking test. 7

Gravity of charging stock. 27 .0 A. P. I. B. Color of charging stock, dark red.

' Gravity of cracked product,- 28-8 A. P. I.

Be. Recovery of cracked product, 99.5%.

Yields (basedupon raw oil).

Gasoline (437), 37.5% by volume 39.6 B 4.37 E'. P. Refilarging stock, 52.5% by volume 23.6

-F u el oil, 9.0% by volume 120 B.

Loss (gas and carbon), 1.0% by volume.

Yields (ultimate-ba8ed upon 'r'arw oz'l without coking). Gasoline, 70.0% by volume. Fuel oil, 24.0% by volume. Loss, 6.0% by volume.

\Vhile it has been found that improved results are obtained by effecting the cracking underrather high pressures such as those suggested heretofore, satisfactory results have been obtained by producing the cracking by pressure distillation under relatively lower pressure ranging from 50 to 200 pounds v per square inclr accompanied by distillation.

4 In other words, while the cracking is prefersolvent action of sulphur dioxide, removing the undissolvcd hydrocarbons from the sulphur dioxide fraction, extracting the sul-"- phur dioxide from the dissolved fraction,-

subjecting the residue to cracking conditions of temperature and pressure.

2. A process such as that described in claim 1 .in which kerosene distillate is treated. a

3. A- process such as that described in claim 1 in which the sulphur dioxide is extracted from the dissolved fraction by distillation. I

4. A'process such as that described in claim 1 inwhich the cracking is effected under a conversion temperature and a pres-. sure suflicient to prevent any substantial vaporization. I

5. A process such as that described in under a conversion temperature and a pressure in excess of 450 pounds inch.

ROY oRoss per square claim fl in which the cracking is effected 

